This makes sense — the Renaissance was all about change, and satire is all about mocking the old and ushering in the new. But the following five forms of satire were most common during the Middle Ages all related to folklore :. The satirical element also found expression in other genres of medieval literature, including in church drama and street performance. Comedy in general tends to say something pessimistic about the nature of humankind, and satire is the most effective way of transmitting that message.
Although it is certainly unlikely that all cognitive narrative simulations require the perspective of a protagonist, most probably do, because fiction is governed largely by human considerations ethical, behavioural, psychological, and so forth , and because the protagonist provides the means of narrative construal and thus knowledge.
Of course, not all literature invites or encourages readerly involvement; this is particularly the case with satire and comedy, because it is distinctly unnatural to identify with the subject of ridicule.
Parody is a form of satire that imitates the characteristic style of a particular writer, musician, artist, speaker or genre using deliberate exaggeration for a comic effect. Like parody, pastiche takes elements from work which has come before and remixes them into a new work of art. It really only takes the elements and presents them. Gothic literature is often described as parody, and sometimes it is, but often it is simply pastiche.
Fredric Jameson has defined how we think of the word pastiche and describes the difference between parody and pastiche like this:. Pastiche is, like parody, the imitation of a peculiar r unique, idiosyncratic style, the wearing of a linguistic mask, speech in a dead language. Pastiche is thus blank parody, a statue with blind eyeballs…. A farce will make use of certain over-the-top techniques:. You must be logged in to post a comment. Skip to content. Iron Spike on Twitter Satire is the comedy of beliefs , especially those on which an entire society is based.
But the following five forms of satire were most common during the Middle Ages all related to folklore : The fool satire — popular also throughout Europe from the 15th to the 17th century. Starred the fool or jester who represented the shortcomings, vices, and grotesqueries of contemporary society. Mr Bean would be a modern example. What types of majors do they typically target?
What is the importance of the Declaration of Independence? Why would the founders of our country need to declare" their freedom? Why is it so important today? What is the purpose of government, and how does a bill become law? Is there a way, other than retiring, to get out of the Supreme Court such as being dismissed? When did the pocket veto start? Who would serve as the new president if both the president and vice president resigned? What's a Congressional Page and how do you become one?
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How many countries are there in the world? What did Columbus do besides sail to the New World? My history teacher said that if your religious denomination isn't Catholic, than you are a Protestant. Is she right?
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I know that the verb pluck means to pull out or pull at, but what's the definition when used as a noun? Which novels would you recommend to year-olds on the theme of places and forms of power?
In The Pearl, why didn't John Steinbeck give the pearl buyers identifying names? What is perfidy from Sister Carrie, by Theodore Dreiser? Is being pedantic a good or bad thing? Is a termagant a type of seabird? What is ichor from The Iliad? Is a rivulet really a river, only smaller?
Charles Dickens has this person called the beadle" in lots of his books. Is that like a nickname for a man with buggy eyes or something? What is the main tenet of stoicism? What's the meaning of obsequious from Theodore Dreiser's urban novel Sister Carrie? Where are the Antipodes from Much Ado about Nothing? What is a truckle bed from Romeo and Juliet? What does truculent from Great Expectations mean? If someone inculcates you, should you feel insulted?
Nice or mean? What does laconic mean? At a restaurant famous for its rude servers, a waitress told me to lump it" when I asked for another napkin. Can you tell me about that phrase? I thought necro had something to do with being dead. So, what's a necromancer? Sounds creepy. In Orwell's , what does the opening sentence suggest about the book?
Understanding the literary genre Magical Realism What's a prig? I asked my granddad if he liked his new apartment and he said, It's all hunky-dory, kiddo. I hate finding typos in books. Here's one I've seen several times: jalousies instead of jealousies. On the second week of my summer job at a bookstore, my boss handed me an envelope with what she called my emoluments.
Looked like a paycheck to me, though. In To Kill a Mockingbird, what are some examples of the characters having courage? What's cud? I was once told to stop chewing my cud and get back to work. What can you tell me about the word patois from The Awakening? What are thews from Ivanhoe? What does pot-shop from The Pickwick Papers mean? Are all dowagers women? If someone is the titular head of a political party, does it mean they have all the power?
The word flummox confuses me. What does it mean? Somebody told me I looked pasty. Does that mean I've eaten too many sweets? I started taking private bassoon lessons. Is anomalous the same as anonymous?
I know that a fathom is a unit of measure used by sailors, but how long is a fathom? What is a joss from Victory, by Joseph Conrad? What does eschew from The Pickwick Papers mean? What does excrescence from The Call of the Wild mean? What does the word covert mean? In Shakespeare's Sonnet , what is an oblation? In Moby-Dick , what does vitiate mean? In War and Peace , what does bane mean? In Jane Eyre , what are chilblains?
Does mendacious refer to something that is fixable mendable? Is kickshawses one of those weird words that Shakespeare coined? What is renege , in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra? What is maxim? I think it's a female name but I'm not sure. Last Valentine's Day, this guy I barely know gave me a rose and said something about ardent love.
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Is that somebody who benefits from something? I found a funny word in The Glass Castle. Where did skedaddle come from and what does it mean? Does sinuous mean something like full of sin"? I saw the word in The Devil in the White City.
What are characteristics of Modernist literature, fiction in particular? What does my brother mean when he says he's too ensconced in his studies to look for a girlfriend? My grandpa complained about a bunch of politicians making what he called chin music.
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My teacher told me I was being obdurate. Was that a compliment? What motives inspired Iago to plot revenge against Othello? Who was the first king of Rome? What does enervate mean? What is a parvenu? Is salubrity somehow related to being famous? Do capers have something to do with cops? What's the difference between a soliloquy and a monologue?
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What's the difference between parody and satire? Lord of the Flies uses the word inimical. I saw vertiginous in Madame Bovary.
What does mean the word mean? What does overweening mean, in Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes? Can you hear a dirge anyplace but a funeral? Does imperturbable refer to something you can't break through? What are the seven ages of man? What's dross? What is an injunction?
For school I had to make a Napoleon hat, which called for a cockade. What is that? If someone studies assiduously, does it mean they're working really hard or really slowly? Define mood as it relates to a work of fiction. Distinguish mood from effect.
My sister calls me the Princess of Prevarication. This biography I'm reading about Queen Victoria says that she refused to remove the hatchment she had for her husband Prince Albert. What does that word mean? What does sine qua non mean? What's lugubrious mean? What's impugn mean, from Ivanhoe? What does postprandial mean? I love reading fashion magazines and occasionally come across the word atelier.
What does King Lear mean when he says that ingratitude is a marble-hearted fiend"? In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein , what are disquisitions? What's shrive? My neighbor said she's been unshriven for years, but I think her skin looks quite shriveled.
What's a dobbin? What's polemic? Over winter break, my uncle told me I was polemic and asked if I was on the debate team at school. I came across a list of homonyms: mu, moo, moue. I know mu is Greek for the letter m , and moo is the sound cows make, but what's a moue?
What does trow mean? In Far from the Madding Crowd , what does cavil mean? Where can I find the word naught in The Scarlet Letter? I found an old diary from the s where the writer describes how he almost died but was saved by a sinapism.
I know what mulch is, but what's mulct? When our teacher was introducing the next reading assignment, he said we'll be using the unexpurgated version. What did he mean? For some reason, the word dingle sticks in my head after having read Treasure Island years ago.
I never did discover what it meant. How about it, Cliff? In Dracula , what's stertorous breathing? What does philippic mean? I'm usually pretty good at guessing what words mean, but have no clue about exigence.
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In Oliver Twist , Dodger refers to Oliver as flash companion. Can't find a definition of this anywhere. Do elocutionists kill people? For my English homework, I have to write a love poem. I'm only 13 and I haven't had my first love yet. How would I go about writing about feelings that I haven't felt yet? Where on the body would I find my sarcophagus?
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In Wuthering Heights , what's a thible? Which Hemingway story references the running of the bulls" in Spain? My dad mentioned that his granddad was there for a long time during World War I.
If somebody is toady," does it mean they're ugly? In the movie Failure to Launch , there's a line that goes, Well, she certainly is yar," in reference to a yacht. What's yar? I got detention because a teacher said I was being contumacious. What's that?
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What does Kantian mean, from a philosophical perspective? What's a colonnade? My girlfriend is freaking me out with stories of her dream wedding where she walks down a colonnade. I know this is the least of my problems, but I'm curious. My grandma says she knows how I feel when I knit my brows. Is she crazy? I know bier has something to do with dead people, but what is it exactly? My brainy brother owns a Harley and says his girlfriend is the pillion. Is he insulting her or just showing off?
I ran across the word mien in a book. Is it a typo? Is a younker a person or a place? Does precipitancy have something to do with the weather? Any suggestions? A friend says she suffers from ineffable sadness.
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The Picture of Dorian Gray mentions a panegyric on youth. In Madame Bovary , what's a mairie? In The Kite Runner, what's palliative mean? So what's oligarchy? In government class, my teacher mentioned that word when we were talking about the Blagojevich scandal in Illinois. Is intrepidity a good thing or a bad thing? My grandmother told me that she thinks grandpa should see an alienist. Does she think he's from another planet or what? Do you have to have licentiousness to get your driver's license?
I ran across the word hardihood in something I read the other day. Is it some kind of clothing? I saw mention of haversack in my history book. I'm guessing the word quadroon is four of something. But what's a roon? I'm trying to understand Shakespeare's play, King Lear. Can you explain these quotes from Act 1, Scene 1? In Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment , what's a samovar? I came across a music channel that featured tejano," and then I saw the same word when I was reading Bless Me, Ultima.
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I'm guessing that because of, you know, Cupid. Valentine's Day. My theater teacher called me a name the other day. I don't think it was supposed to be a compliment. What's a somnambulist, anyway? Why was Tartuffe such a jerk? To Kill a Mockingbird has this word fey in it, but I don't know what it means.
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What are the differences between an epic hero and a Romantic hero? I'm in a literary dispute over this! What did W. Du Bois mean when he wrote of second-sight?
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I would like to understand the poem Blight" by Ralph Waldo Emerson. Please help. When reading Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice , what does entailment mean? What does ignominy mean? From Shelley's Frankenstein What does pecuniary mean? What is an apostrophe in Macbeth? Is music a language? Why should literature be studied? In the book The Scarlet Letter , what is a vigil? What should I do now?! What is the exact quote in Hamlet about something being wrong in Denmark?
Something smells? Something is amiss? What does Utilitarianism mean, from a philosophical perspective? What was the form of English that Shakespeare used? What was the "final solution" in the book Night by Elie Wiesel?
With the many novels out there, is there a database of some sort that can narrow down your choices to a specific book of interest for pleasure reading? And if not, why hasn't there been? How do you pronounce Houyhnhnms? How can Jordan Baker be described as a professional golfer? To my knowledge, the LPGA did not form until the mids. What are the humanities? What classic novels take place in Florida? In which Hemingway short story is the saying, "Children's shoes for sale"? Who is the "lady" that Robert Plant speaks of in the song "Stairway to Heaven"?
Was Odysseus the one who planned the Trojan horse, in the Trojan War? How do I get my smart-but-hates-to-read son interested in reading? Poetry gives me problems. How can I figure out what poems are about? How do you analyze a novel? What does it mean to ululate? From Golding's Lord of the Flies Is ambrosia a salad?
From Homer's The Odyssey What is a harbinger? From Shakespeare's Macbeth What does it mean to be refractory? From Dickens' Great Expectations What is a querulous kid? From Wharton's Ethan Frome What does the word runagate mean? From Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet What is the word, imprimis? From Conrad's Heart of Darkness What or who is a scullion? From Shakespeare's Hamlet What is a schism? From Swift's Gulliver's Travels What does it mean to be salubrious?
From Shakespeare's Hamlet What is vicissitude? From Wharton's House of Mirth What does the word replete mean? From Shakespeare's Henry V What are orisons? From Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet What does it mean to be ephemeral? What does it mean to be placid? What does it mean to be farinaceous? From Tolstoy's Anna Karenina What does dejection mean? From Shelley's Frankenstein What is animadversion? From Shakespeare's Othello Someone called me erudite.
Is that good? What is a mountebank? From Shakespeare's Macbeth What does it mean to be puissant? From Shakespeare's Julius Caesar What is a purloiner? From Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment What does it mean to be ostensible? From Dickens's Bleak House What is behoveful?
From Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet What is a precentor? From Golding's Lord of the Flies What does it mean to be loquacious? From Cervantes's Don Quixote What does imprudence mean?
From Stevenson's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde What does it mean to be spurious? From James' Daisy Miller What is a retinue? From Swift's Gulliver's Travels What does the word forsworn mean? From Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet What does the word hauteur mean? From Shelley's Frankenstein What is calumny? From Shakespeare's Hamlet What is an augury?
From Sophocles' Antigone What does squally mean? From Dickens' Great Expectations What does corporal mean? From Shakespeare's Macbeth What does it mean to be plausible?
From Sinclair's The Jungle What is a dearth? From Dickens's Great Expectations What is a heterodox? From Austen's Emma What does it mean to be effacing?
From Sinclair's The Jungle What is a soliloquy? What does the word prodigality mean? What does the scarlet letter symbolize? What is the significance of Grendel's cave in Beowulf? What purpose do the three witches serve at the beginning of Macbeth? What can you tell me about Grendel from Beowulf? Why is Roger so mean in Lord of the Flies?
The old man and the young wife — what's up with story plots like this? What part does vengeance play in The Odyssey? What kind of a woman is Penelope in The Odyssey? Do fate and fortune guide the actions in Macbeth?
How does Frankenstein relate to Paradise Lost? How has the way people view Othello changed over time? What's so great about Gatsby? How is To Kill a Mockingbird a coming-of-age story?
Why did Ophelia commit suicide in Hamlet? What is the setting of The Scarlet Letter? What is a slave narrative? What's an anachronism? Doesn't Raskolnikov contradict himself in Crime and Punishment? What is the main theme of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn? What does Shakespeare mean by memento mori? What are inductive and deductive arguments? Why did Elie Wiesel call his autobiography Night? How does Shakespeare play with gender roles in Macbeth?
What's the purpose of the preface to The Scarlet Letter? What role do women play in A Tale of Two Cities? Who are the heroes and villains in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn? What are the ides of March?
Was Kate really a shrew in The Taming of the Shrew?
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